ABSTRACT
Introduction: An estimated 9.9 million people fell ill with tuberculosis globally in 2020 with India and China contribu?ng a major percentage to the burden of TB. India is grouped under high TB, high HIV associated TB and MDR TB burden countries and 1.24 lakh fell ill with drug resistant TB out of which 56000 were started on second line treatment in 2020. Annually India accounts for 27% of missing TB cases. Diagnosis: The major forms of drug resistant TB that are of clinical importance are INH monoresistant TB, mul?drug resistant TB, pre- XDR TB and XDR TB.WHO approved newer molecular tests for MTB detec?on and drug suscep?bility tests. Treatment: Few newer drugs and few previously used drugs are showing promise when used in combina?on which have come up in recent years. Bedaquiline based regimens are showing improved cure rates. Conclusion: Guidelines based regimens should be strictly adhered to by both public and private TB case trea?ng physicians.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Bullae are air filled spaces in lung parenchyma which develop in various diseases and cause respiratory compromise. Bulla which occupies one third of hemithorax is considered as a giant bulla. Case series: This case series consists of eleven cases of giant bullae with varied clinical and radiological features. Common presenta?ons include breathlessness, associated para-septal emphysema and complica?ons like pneumothorax. Conclusion: Pa?ents presen?ng with acute chest symptoms should also be evaluated for bullous disease and Computed tomography of chest can differen?ate pneumothorax from giant bullae.